1. Zombie Company’s Grew During Covid.
Barrons
How do you identify a zombie firm? Principal Global offers a guide: companies that can’t cover interest costs twice with the previous year’s pretax earnings; whose spread between return on equity and cost of equity is less than four percentage points; whose one-year and average three-year sales growth is less than 3%; and whose Altman Z-Score—a measure of liquidity, solvency, and profitability sometimes used to predict bankruptcy—is below 1.8.

The Pandemic Has Swelled the Ranks of Zombie Companies. Here’s How to Recognize Them.
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