Category Archives: Daily Top Ten

TOPLEY’S TOP 10 September 23, 2024

1. Chart of Week-Fundstrat

Many investors wonder if the economy is late cycle. But as Fundstrat Head of Research Tom Lee points out, businesses became cautious about over-expanding in early 2022, when the Fed began signaling intentions to raise interest rates sharply. They have remained cautious ever since. “The private investment-to-GDP ratio sits at 25%, below the long-term average of 27%, and with the exception of the pandemic, no major recession has started since 1970 without this figure exceeding 28%,” he told us this week. Our Chart of the Week illustrates this

 

 


2. Coming Margin Expansion in AI?

Source: Sam Ro


3. Computer Processing Power +3440% 2015-2023

Food for Thought: Computational capacity of the fastest supercomputer:

Source: BofA Global Research; @MikeZaccardi
https://dailyshotbrief.com


4. Small Cap Russell 2000-7 Straight Days of Gains-First Time in 3 ½ Years

Bespoke Investment Group
The latest rally in the Russell 2000 has also been impressive given that yesterday was the seventh straight day of gains for the index which is the longest winning streak for the index in three and a half years. Seven-day winning streaks are by no means uncommon or extreme in the Russell 2000’s history. As shown in the chart below, since 1980 there have been 110 other winning streaks of at least seven trading days, and the longest was more than three times longer at 22 in March 1988.  What is interesting about the chart below, however, is how common 7-day winning streaks were from 1980 through the dot com bust (86 from 1980 through the end of 2022) and how uncommon they have been since (24 since 2003).

https://www.bespokepremium.com/interactive/posts/think-big-blog/bespokes-morning-lineup-9-20-24-closing-out-the-week-on-a-down-note


5. New Highs for 60/40 Portfolio

Source: Josh Schafer


6. A More Stable Financial System in U.S.

Torsten Slok, Ph.D.Chief Economist, PartnerApollo Global Management
Long-term loans to corporates are moving away from being financed by overnight deposits to instead being financed by long-term liabilities such as insurance and pensions, thereby making the financial system more stable, see chart below

 


7. AT&T Breaks Out of 12-Year Sideways Pattern


8. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Barrons-By Avi Salzman

 

https://www.barrons.com/articles/why-china-went-from-climate-laggard-to-leader-of-the-energy-transition-05d1d267?mod=past_editions


 

9. Global Coal Consumption Is Still Soaring…

Zerohedge BY TYLER DURDEN
Despite efforts to decarbonize the economy, global coal consumption surpassed 164 exajoules for the first time in 2023. The fossil fuel still accounts for 26% of the world’s total energy consumption.
In this graphic, Visual Capitalist’s Bruno Venditti shows global coal consumption by region from 1965 to 2023, based on data from the Energy Institute.

https://www.zerohedge.com/energy/global-coal-consumption-still-soaring


10. Have a Hard Time Making Decisions? How to Be More Decisive

 

Life is about choosing: Time to clear out the obstacles. Robert Taibbi L.C.S.W.

KEY POINTS

  • Living life is about making decisions, but if you fear making a “wrong” decision, you can become immobilized.
  • The underlying obstacles are self-criticism and worry about future regrets and what others may think.
  • The key is to realize when anxiety has taken over—you can’t control the future or make everyone happy.

Like it or not, everyday life is a factory of decision-making: What to wear for a first date, whether to take the new job, whether to circle back to the argument you had on Saturday night with your partner, or what to make for a dinner with friends. Some decisions are bigger, some smaller, but making choices is always a part of running your life. But because decisions have consequences, decision-making can often be challenging; for some, even minor decisions can feel like big ones. If you have a difficult time making up your mind, here are three common underlying obstacles along with ways to resolve them to help you be more decisive.

You’re self-critical or perfectionistic.

If you tend to be self-critical, always giving yourself a hard time over some “mistake,” or worse, are perfectionistic, needing everything to come out perfectly, every decision—the clothes, the job, the dinner, and the argument—feels equally important. Your mind flips through a checklist of criteria your decision needs to meet: Is this what I really want? Am I overreacting? Is the timing right? What will others think?

Consequences: You start to obsess, and that checklist is long. So you go online and look at dress combinations, make endless pro-and-con lists about the job, scour through dozens of recipes, and plug in multiple AIquestions to compose the perfect sentence that tells your partner how you feel without creating resentment.

Solution: Your brain is telling you that the only way to put this to rest is to work harder to get it right—get more information so you don’t make a mistake. But the real problem isn’t what to wear or say, but that your self-critical or perfectionistic mind has taken over, pressuring you to make every decision, however small, the right one.

Time to get your rational brain back online: Realize that every decision doesn’t have the same weight—the job may be more important than the dinner—and that you’re spinning your wheels going down rabbit holes. Next, take concrete action to move forward: Talk to someone who works at the potential job about their experience or ask for a follow-up interview to answer your lingering questions; say what you want to say to your partner, and if they get defensive, back off but circle back later to mop up and clarify. Only by moving forward, no matter how small the baby steps, will you discover what to do next.

You worry about having future regrets.

This is a variation of the other. Even if you know what you want to do, you worry about the results in the future: You’ll take the job, but you’ll wind up hating it; you’ll talk to your partner, but it won’t go well, and your bringing it up will only add fuel to the emotional fire, eventually leading to divorce.

Consequences: Obsessing all future worst-case scenarios undermines your confidence in your decision.

Solution: Just as it’s easy to go down rabbit holes of information, you can do the same with future worst-case scenarios. The reality check is that not only can’t you control the future, but your past is constantly being recreated through the lens of the present: If two years from now you’re happy at the new job, you’ll not only pat yourself on the back for making a good decision but also think you should have switched jobs sooner. If you’re miserable two years from now, you’ll wish you had stayed at your old job. It’s a moving target. The best you can do is the best you can do right now. You can only deal with future problems if and when they arise.

You worry that others will judge your decisions.

I’ve met folks who struggle with decisions because they worry that “other people” won’t approve of their choices. This fear is usually part of a learned childhood hypervigilance where “I’m happy only if the whole world is happy.”

Consequences: The thinking is understandable, but the solution is not. You can’t be sensitive to the whole world. With that large an audience looking over your shoulder, you get paralyzed.

Solution: You may care what those close to you think, and you want to be assertive and help them understand why you’re doing what you’re doing, but agreement isn’t always necessary. Worrying that you need to explain yourself to those outside your intimate circle pushes you off course from what you want; you wind up living their lives, not yours.

The underlying driver is anxiety.

Indecisiveness is a solution to the problem of creating the right outcome, whether it is about making your present plan work out the way you want, having no regrets in the future, or making everyone happy. The best you can do is make the best decision in the present and see what happens. If it works out, great—good for you. If not, it’s not because you screwed up, but you now have a new problem, and hopefully you’ve learned what not to do. Take each problem and each decision one at a time.

The key is seeing anxiety as the driver, stepping back, and realizing that your anxious brain is taking over—causing you to obsess and fall into little-kid emotions and irrational thinking. Stop doing what your anxious brain tells you to do; realize that your thoughts are running you rather than you running your thoughts.

Learning to be decisive is learning not to let anxiety run your life, learning that there are no mistakes, focusing on doing the best you can right now, recognizing that all decisions are not equally important, and accepting that you can control only this moment.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/fixing-families/202409/have-a-hard-time-making-decisions-how-to-be-more-decisive

TOPLEY’S TOP 10 September 20, 2024

1. Largest Fed Pause Rally in History Before 50 bps. Cut

 

 


2. Will Lower Rates Spark Small Caps?

R2K streak. The Russell 2000 has now risen for 7 days in a row, a feat accomplished only 27 other times while also trading above the 200SMA. Forward returns have been mixed.

SentimenTrader


3. Fed Wants to Close Gap

Found at Abnormal Returns Blog www.abnormalreturns.com


4. 247 BPS by 2026

Irrelevant Investor Blo


5. Gold History After First Fed Cuts

Gold vs. first cut. “After a cut, there has only been one time, 1998, when gold has trended significantly lower after a rate cut throughout the next year, and even then, close to the one-year mark, it surged as the Dot Com crash started.”

https://www.bespokepremium.com/interactive/research/think-big-blog/


6. Fed Cuts Outside Recession History

Capital Group

 


7. Household Assets Elevated vs. Liabilities


8. 30-Year Mortgage Getting Close to Breaking 6% Mark


 

9. American People Dislikes Federal Government, Advertising and Pharma


10. The Daily Stoic

As we work and achieve, we pile up titles and money. We accumulate assets and influence. We build a life, as they say. And a life is made up of things: Our job. Our house. Our car. Our relationships. Our reputation.
Looking around at what we possess, what we’ve poured so much sweat and blood into, is an immensely rewarding experience. As Margaret Atwood writes in a beautiful poem,
The moment when, after many years
of hard work and a long voyage
you stand in the centre of your room,
house, half-acre, square mile, island, country,
knowing at last how you got there,
and say, I own this,
But the Stoic knows that we never really own anything. All that we possess in this life, Marcus Aurelius says, even life itself, is really ours only in trust. We are renters. Our lives are here on loan…loans that can get called in at any time. We can be fired. Someone can dislodge our seemingly dominant market position. A loved one can leave. People die.
That’s why Margaret Atwood warns against the pride and satisfaction of surveying one’s possessions. The moment you do that, she says, nature rebels. Almost out of spite, they feel the need to rebuke you for your pride.
No, they whisper. You own nothing.
You were a visitor, time after time
climbing the hill, planting the flag, proclaiming.
We never belonged to you.
You never found us.
It was always the other way round.
None of us own anything. Everything is constantly in flux. What we have today may be gone tomorrow—we ourselves may be gone tomorrow. Understand that. Appreciate everything accordingly. Be grateful and humble…or life will rebuke you. Fate will remind you who is in charge and nature will reclaim what is hers.

TOPLEY’S TOP 10 September 19, 2024

1. Intel is Flat on 20-Year Performance

Nasdaq Dorsey Wright

INTC Chart $50 to $20 since end of 2023


2. Trump Media Trades Back to Lows


3. Hedge Fund Titans Breed a $14 Billion Pack of Startup Cubs

By Nishant Kumar

Once, it was Julian Robertson, the founder of Tiger Management, who got to play godfather to a generation of hedge fund stars.
Now, it’s Ken Griffin’s Citadel and Izzy Englander’s Millennium Management who are taking up that role — whether they want to or not.
With the multistrategy hedge fund titans closed to outside cash amid a dearth of talent able to manage their money, Citadel and Millennium traders are seizing the chance to go it alone. And investors are backing them with an avalanche of assets.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-09-17/hedge-fund-startups-millennium-citadel-traders-raise-14-billion-for-spinoffs?srnd=homepage-americas&sref=GGda9y2L


4. Gold Decouples From Real Interest Rates

Commodities: Gold remains decoupled from real rates amid extensive central bank buying.

Source: The Daily Shot


5. Venture Capital Liquidity

WSJ By Yuliya Chernova

https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-venture-capital-keep-itself-afloat-41ec1a04


6. Healthcare and Auto Insurance vs. Inflation

@Charlie Bilello


7. XLY Consumer Discretionary One Tick from New Highs

Recession not showing up in this ETF…AMZN, TSLA, HD 50% of holdings.


8. Weekly mortgage demand surges 14% higher as interest rates hit two-year low

Diana Olick-CNBC

Key Points

  • The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances of $766,550 or less decreased to 6.15% from 6.29%
  • Applications to refinance a home loan jumped 24% from the previous week and were 127% higher than the same week one year ago.
  • Applications for a mortgage to purchase a home increased 5% for the week but were still 0.4% lower than the same week one year ago.

Total mortgage application volume rose 14.2% last week compared with the previous week, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s seasonally adjusted index. Last week’s results included an adjustment for the Labor Day holiday.
The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances of $766,550 or less decreased to 6.15% from 6.29%, with points increasing to 0.56 from 0.55, including the origination fee, for loans with a 20% down payment. That is the lowest rate since September 2022 and is 116 basis points lower than it was the same week one year ago. 
“Application activity was up significantly last week, as market expectations of a rate cut from the Fed pulled mortgage rates lower,” said Joel Kan, an economist with the Mortgage Bankers Association.

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/18/weekly-mortgage-demand-surges-as-interest-rates-hit-two-year-low.html


9. The Federal Government Owns 27.4% of the Land in America. 80% of Nevada and 62% of Alaska….


10. Baby Boomer Housing Market Statistics

List with Clever

  • More than half of boomers who currently own a home (54%) never plan to sell it and hope to live in it for the rest of their lives. 
  • 90% of boomer homeowners have concerns about homeownership as they age, with maintenance/upkeep issues and rising costs the most common. 
  • Nearly two-thirds of boomers who own homes (65%) expect to profit more than $100,000 when selling their home, while 40% expect to clear $200,000 or more. 
  • More than three-quarters of boomer homeowners (76%) say owning a home is the primary reason they’re financially secure.  
  • Almost half of current boomer homeowners (46%) would consider themselves failures if they didn’t own a home.   
  • Fewer than half of boomers (47%) required a double income to purchase their home.
  • Half of boomers who have owned a home (50%) bought their first one for $75,000 or less, while almost two-thirds (64%) paid less than $100,000.
  • 42% of boomers believe younger generations had an easier time than they did buying a home in their 20s. 
  • Only 6% of boomer homeowners say their biggest challenge when buying their first place was that homes were too expensive. 
  • When factoring in inflation, just half of boomers (50%) believe they would still be able to afford a home today.
  • Among boomers who have never owned a home, two-thirds (66%) say they regret never achieving that milestone.
    •  Nearly two-thirds of this group (63%) say they simply couldn’t afford to buy a home.
  • About half of boomers who once owned a home but don’t now (47%) wouldn’t recommend homeownership to younger generations, but barely a quarter of current boomer homeowners (27%) feel this way.
  • Boomers view themselves as the generation least responsible for the affordable housing crisis, a view held by 41% of respondents.
  • 69% of boomers feel the government should do more to help first-time home buyers afford a house.
  • About two-thirds of respondents (65%) believe America would be a better place to live if more people prioritized homeownership.
  • 87% of boomers think buying a home was part of the American dream when they were younger, but only 73% think it still is.
  • 57% of boomers believe younger generations could afford homes if they tried harder, and 64% believe younger generations could be homeowners if they were more responsible.

https://listwithclever.com/research/baby-boomers-housing-market-2024/#never  Found at Abnormal Returns Blog www.abnormalreturns.com

TOPLEY’S TOP 10 September 17, 2024

1. Commentary on Wed. Rate Cut

Tom Lee Fundstrat
If the Fed does indeed cut rates at the FOMC on Wednesday, as widely expected, the bearishly inclined are warning that this could actually be bad for stocks. They note (correctly) that historically, stocks have fallen half the time immediately after the Fed makes its first cut of a cycle. However, Head of Data Science “Tireless” Ken Xuan and his team took a deeper look historical cycles and came to a different conclusion. Examining the last 11 Fed “first cuts,” Xuan found that five of them took place with a recessionary backdrop. The other six came during a non-recessionary, “no landing” scenario such as the one in which we currently find ourselves. The difference in historic post-cut win ratios between the two categories is significant and best illustrated by our Chart of the Week.

https://fundstrat.com/


2. Gold Miners

Gold making new highs…leveraged junior gold miners 50day crossing above 200day to upside.


3. Defensive Consumer Staples ETF Trading at 25x P/E

Looks like a tech stock chart for last 12 months.


4. Defensive Sector YTD Utilities XLU +23% vs. XLK (tech) +17%


5. Sample- The Power of Dividends

Bespoke Investment Group
Altria has increased its dividend for 54 consecutive years, making it one of the longest-running Dividend Aristocrats.

https://www.bespokepremium.com/interactive/posts/think-big-blog/altria-group-mo


6. Starlink 61% of Global Satellites

Perplexity AI

https://www.perplexity.ai/


7. Foreign Direct Investments in China Go Negative

WSJ By Yoko Kubota and Liza Lin

https://www.wsj.com/world/china/western-firms-that-flocked-to-china-are-now-pulling-back-ea2f3c27


8. India 50% Internet Connectivity

 


9. Loan to Value of American Mortgages….Low Leverage

If people are already in a home they have a lot of equity. That’s proven in this chart which shows that the Loan-to-Value ratio for mortgages is 48%.
That’s down from 70% just over 10 years.

Source: Mike Simonsen


10. Know Thy Time: Peter Drucker’s Strategy to Become More Effective -Darius Foroux

The reason I research productivity is simple. I think that a productive life equals happy life.

Also, if you’re more productive than average people, you’ll advance faster in your career. You learn more. You do more. And eventually are rewarded more.

Now, productivity is a very generic term. Personally, I prefer to use the word effectiveness.

Because productivity doesn’t necessarily mean that you get the right things done. It just means you get a lot of stuff done. But that’s not what matters.

Effectiveness, however, refers to getting the right things done. It’s basically a polite word for “getting shit done.”

And if you want to do your job well, earn money, live a meaningful life, learn skills, you HAVE to get shit done.

Results matter the most.
You might work for 50 hours a week, but if you don’t experience any growth personally, emotionally, financially, you’re not effective.
People often ask me, “where do I begin?” To answer that question, I want to share one exercise that I use with companies and people who hire me to improve their effectiveness.

It’s an exercise that I picked up from Peter Drucker’s The Effective Executive. To me, Drucker is the first and best thinker when it comes to effectiveness for knowledge workers.

Much of the books, articles, productivity tools, and productivity apps you see these days are all in a way influenced by Drucker.

For instance, the term “deep work” (coined by Cal Newport) is currently very popular. But if you read The Effective Executive, which is written in 1967, Drucker talks about the same concept.

He says that if you want to get things done, you have to allocate large chunks of (uninterrupted) time to your work. Drucker says:
“To be effective, every knowledge worker, and especially every executive, needs to be able to dispose of time in fairly large chunks. To have small dribs and drabs of time at his disposal will not be sufficient even if the total is an impressive number of hours.”

As you can see, my appreciation for Drucker goes deep. That’s why I read much of his work, and also apply it in my life and work.
What you will find next is a simple exercise from The Effective Executive (which I modified slightly to make it easier) that you can apply to become more effective.

Step 1: Know thy time
I often hear people saying: “I don’t know what’s wrong with me. I keep procrastinating.”

My question is: “Do you know thy time?”
If you don’t measure your time, it’s tough to stop procrastination or improve your productivity. Because if you want to manage your time better, you have to know where it goes first.

Your memory is not sufficient. If I asked you what you were doing exactly one week at this time, would you have an answer? There you go.

How do you know your time? Keep an activity log.

Before I even have a real session with clients, I often ask them to keep an activity log for two weeks. An activity log is exactly what you imagine — an hour by hour record of what you’re doing throughout the day.

The specific method you use for your activity log doesn’t matter. The only thing that matters is that you want to keep a record for at least two weeks. Preferably, you want a whole month of recorded activities.

I just keep a pen and a notepad on my desk and every hour I write down the time and what I’ve done during the past hour. It’s important to keep the notebook visible, so you don’t forget.

Step 2: Identify the non-productive work
This step is actually very simple. I just have one question for you:
“Go through all the recurring activities in your log one by one. What would happen if you would stop doing them?”

If the answer is: “All hell breaks loose.” Don’t change anything.
But if your answer is: “Nothing would happen.” You’ve hit gold.
We all do activities that have ZERO return. I call those activities time-wasters.

Step 3: Eliminate the time-wasters
Boom. That’s it. Know where your time goes. Identify the critical tasks from the trivial tasks in your life. And cut the trivial, time-wasting, tasks.

“That simple?” Yes.

If you want to be a super-effective person, you regularly keep a log. You don’t have to keep a log for 365 days a year.

Instead, do two stretches of two-three weeks a year. That’s enough to keep track of your time and identify new time-wasters.

Also, the additional benefit of such a simple exercise is that it forces you to think about your daily routine.

Often, we start time-wasting activities, and they become habits. And if you don’t become aware of the pointless behavior, it’s difficult to break those bad habits.

I’ve found this exercise to be one of the most powerful things in productivity.

Start now. Your activity log probably looks something like this:

  • (insert time) — Read Darius Foroux’s article about keeping a time-log and started my own time-log.
  • (insert time) — Turned off my phone and got back to (whatever you were working on).
  • (insert time) — Browsed the news, Facebook, Instagram. And watched YouTube videos. (Be honest with yourself. Shit happens).
  • (insert time) — responded to emails.

Great. I’m happy to see that you started. Now keep going for another two weeks.

Grade inflation at American universities is out of control. The statistics speak for themselves. In 1950, the average GPA at Harvard was estimated at 2.6 out of 4. By 2003, it had risen to 3.4. Today, it stands at 3.8.

The more elite the college, the more lenient the standards. At Yale, for example, 80% of grades awarded in 2023 were As or A minuses. But the problem is also prevalent at less selective colleges. Across all four-year colleges in the U.S., the most commonly awarded grade is now an A.

Some professors and departments, especially in STEM disciplines, have managed to uphold more stringent criteria. A few advanced courses attract such a self-selecting cohort of students that virtually all of them deserve recognition for genuinely excellent work. But for the most part, the grading scheme at many institutions has effectively become useless. An A has stopped being a mark of special academic achievement.

If everyone outside hard-core engineering, math or pre-med courses can easily get an A, the whole system loses meaning. It fails to make distinctions between different levels of achievement or to motivate students to work hard on their academic pursuits. All the while, it allows students to pretend—to themselves and to others—that they are performing exceptionally well. Worse, this system creates perverse incentives. To name but one, it actively punishes those who take risks by enrolling in truly challenging courses.

All of this contributes to the strikingly poor record of American colleges in actually educating their students. As Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa showed in their 2011 book “Academically Adrift,” the time that the average full-time college student spent studying dropped by half in the five decades after 1960, falling to about a dozen hours a week. A clear majority of college students “showed no significant progress on tests of critical thinking, complex reasoning and writing,” with about half failing to make any improvements at all in their first two years of higher education.

In one of the oldest jokes about the Soviet Union, a worker says “We pretend to work, and they pretend to pay us.” To an uncomfortable degree, American universities now work in a similar fashion: Students pretend to do their work, and academics pretend to grade them. It’s high time for a radical reboot of a broken system.

https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/college-grades-have-become-acharade-its-time-to-abolish-them-ee4eb3fe

TOPLEY’S TOP 10 September 16, 2024

1. Forward P/E COST 51x vs. NVDA 42x

COST more expensive than NVDA on forward P/E ratio


2. S&P Sector Valuations vs. Earnings Growth

Captial Group


3. Semis vs. Software

After underperforming Semis by nearly 5 standard deviations over the 100 days through early June, Software’s relative performance is mean reverting.

@datatrekmb


4. Fed Funds Spread


5. Spreads Still Tight -Ned Davis


6. Only Fans Creators $15B in Revenues Over 5 Years

MarketEar Blog

https://themarketear.com/newsfeed


7. Japanese Yen Update

The yen carry trade set off volatility earlier this month…Yen chart 50day thru 200day to upside.


8. Why Do Americans Love Housing?


9. Demand for Wireless Data Hits Record Highs -Chartr Blog


If you’ve tried to buy any kind of electronic good recently you’ve probably found a version that can connect to your phone and has an app that you need to download (which is usually terrible), with everything from smart watches, to smart light bulbs, to smart fridges, to self-driving cars now connected to the internet. Indeed, companies continue to produce connected versions of devices which, for years, functioned well without them.
But, in fairness to the people behind those products, all of the evidence shows one thing: that America loves being online and staying connected.

Indeed, according to wireless industry association CTIA’s annual survey, Americans used 100.1 trillion megabytes of wireless data in 2023, nearly double the traffic that was driven in 2021 and more than the amount used in all the years from 2010 to 2018 combined. That’s a lot of watching, scrolling, working, texting, and — realistically — even more watching.

The good news is that all of that mobile connectivity is a lot cheaper than it used to be. According to the report, Americans now pay $.002 per MB of wireless data — a 97% decrease from a decade prior and a 50% decrease since 2020, when the average cost of consumer goods and services began to soar.
The uptick has been driven in large part by the rollout of 5G, which the CTIA estimates to be used by almost 40% of all wireless connections today. The rise in wireless data usage comes amidst an ongoing standoff in Congress over how to find new spectrum, per Reuters.


10. Larry Silverstein Spent Years Tussling With the City to Rebuild the World Trade Center. Now He’s Ready to Talk About It

WSJ By Yascha Mounk

Grade inflation at American universities is out of control. The statistics speak for themselves. In 1950, the average GPA at Harvard was estimated at 2.6 out of 4. By 2003, it had risen to 3.4. Today, it stands at 3.8.

The more elite the college, the more lenient the standards. At Yale, for example, 80% of grades awarded in 2023 were As or A minuses. But the problem is also prevalent at less selective colleges. Across all four-year colleges in the U.S., the most commonly awarded grade is now an A.

Some professors and departments, especially in STEM disciplines, have managed to uphold more stringent criteria. A few advanced courses attract such a self-selecting cohort of students that virtually all of them deserve recognition for genuinely excellent work. But for the most part, the grading scheme at many institutions has effectively become useless. An A has stopped being a mark of special academic achievement.

If everyone outside hard-core engineering, math or pre-med courses can easily get an A, the whole system loses meaning. It fails to make distinctions between different levels of achievement or to motivate students to work hard on their academic pursuits. All the while, it allows students to pretend—to themselves and to others—that they are performing exceptionally well. Worse, this system creates perverse incentives. To name but one, it actively punishes those who take risks by enrolling in truly challenging courses.

All of this contributes to the strikingly poor record of American colleges in actually educating their students. As Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa showed in their 2011 book “Academically Adrift,” the time that the average full-time college student spent studying dropped by half in the five decades after 1960, falling to about a dozen hours a week. A clear majority of college students “showed no significant progress on tests of critical thinking, complex reasoning and writing,” with about half failing to make any improvements at all in their first two years of higher education.

In one of the oldest jokes about the Soviet Union, a worker says “We pretend to work, and they pretend to pay us.” To an uncomfortable degree, American universities now work in a similar fashion: Students pretend to do their work, and academics pretend to grade them. It’s high time for a radical reboot of a broken system.

https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/college-grades-have-become-acharade-its-time-to-abolish-them-ee4eb3fe